Chengyu meaning

分秒必争 (fēn miǎo bì zhēng)

to race against every minute and second

Plain Answer

Source: Modern time-discipline usage. Treated here as modern usage; read it first as a sentence-level judgment.

Core meaning: 分秒必争 means to race against every minute and second: Used when time is tight and people must use every small unit of time seriously to meet an urgent goal.

Practice this meaning
Label
neutral / common formal
Best objects
rescue urgency, deadline pressure, scope boundary
Do not use when
Do not use 分秒必争 for a scene that only shares one surface word with the meaning. If the problem is closer to 机不可失 or the contrast points toward 守株待兔, choose that nearby entry instead of stretching this one.

Use: Use 分秒必争 when the rescue urgency sentence shows the object, cause, and tone clearly. Avoid: Avoid 分秒必争 when the sentence only sounds related, lacks evidence, or needs a plainer word.

rescue urgency救援队分秒必争,希望尽快找到被困的人。Jiuyuan dui fen miao bi zheng, xiwang jinkuai zhaodao beikun de ren.The rescue team raced against time, hoping to find the trapped people as soon as possible.

Next: Read the examples, then compare 机不可失 before practicing 分秒必争 in the focused quiz.

Often studied with: 机不可失, 步步为营, 破釜沉舟

Read This First

分秒必争 is introduced here through a modern usage entry rather than a fixed ancient anecdote; the source label is Modern time-discipline usage, and the page separates that background from modern sentence choice.

分秒必争 means to race against every minute and second. The important first reading is Used when time is tight and people must use every small unit of time seriously to meet an urgent goal. This is a neutral phrase in normal use, so the sentence must show the judgment clearly.

Use 分秒必争 when the object, cause, and tone match examples such as rescue urgency, deadline pressure, scope boundary; then compare 机不可失 and 步步为营 before writing your own sentence.

Avoid 分秒必争 when the sentence only shares a broad topic, when the tone would be unfair to the person being described, or when a plainer word would be clearer than a chengyu.

Start with this cue: rescue urgency plus a visible reason.

Meaning and Translation Notes

Used when time is tight and people must use every small unit of time seriously to meet an urgent goal.

Literal meaning

every minute and second must be fought for

  • 分秒 / minutes and seconds
  • 必 / must
  • 争 / contend for

English equivalents

  • race against time near

    Use this when the deadline or danger is real enough that small units of time matter.

  • make every minute count plain

    race against time is vivid, while make every minute count is safer for disciplined work contexts

  • use every second carefully plain

    This is safer when the audience needs the meaning without extra cultural explanation.

How To Use It

Use 分秒必争 when the reader can see why to race against every minute and second is the exact judgment, not just the topic. A strong sentence names the actor, the thing being judged, and the evidence that makes this idiom more precise than an ordinary adjective.

  • Use it when the deadline or danger is real enough that small units of time matter.
  • The tone is urgent and disciplined, so the surrounding sentence should make the judgment visible.
  • It works in rescue urgency, deadline pressure, scope boundary contexts when the boundary is clear.

Common Mistakes

Do not use 分秒必争 for a scene that only shares one surface word with the meaning. If the problem is closer to 机不可失 or the contrast points toward 守株待兔, choose that nearby entry instead of stretching this one.

  • Do not use it when the situation is routine busyness, normal productivity, or mild hurry.
  • Do not choose it only because the English gloss "race against time" feels close; compare ji-bu-ke-shi first.

Wrong Use Clinic

The most useful check is often the phrase you should reject.

  1. The learner wants to sound more idiomatic but has only a broad topic match for 分秒必争.

    The sentence drops in 分秒必争 without showing the cause, object, or tone that would make the idiom necessary.

    Fix: Rewrite the sentence so the evidence for to race against every minute and second appears before or after the phrase.

    分秒必争 fails in this case because a chengyu is not decoration; it must name the exact judgment the sentence is making.

    Compare ji bu ke shi
  2. The learner wants to say the opposite or a neighboring idea and chooses 分秒必争 because it feels familiar.

    The sentence uses 分秒必争, but the described situation points to a different cause, time point, or social attitude.

    Fix: Compare the sentence with 守株待兔 and choose the phrase whose boundary explains the situation with less force.

    分秒必争 becomes misleading when the nearby phrase would identify the real problem more cleanly.

    Compare shou zhu dai tu
  3. The learner has the right meaning area for 分秒必争 but ignores register and emotional force.

    The sentence uses 分秒必争 directly about a person, yet gives no softening context or evidence for such a urgent and disciplined judgment.

    Fix: Add the observed behavior first, or choose 步步为营 if the sentence needs a gentler learning path.

    分秒必争 can sound heavier than a short English gloss. The reader needs enough context to see why the tone is fair.

    Compare bu bu wei ying
  4. The learner remembers the origin image of 分秒必争 but applies it to the wrong object.

    The sentence names an image or story detail, but the real object being judged would be better explained by another chengyu.

    Fix: Name the object first. If the object points toward 好逸恶劳, use that contrast instead.

    分秒必争 should follow the judgment, not the most memorable image. Story memory is useful only when it supports the sentence-level decision.

    Compare hao yi wu lao

Chengyu Often Studied Together

Use these clusters to build sentence-level judgment instead of memorizing a single gloss.

  1. 分秒必争 with nearby learner choices

    分秒必争 is often studied beside 机不可失 and 步步为营 because the words share a theme while asking the learner to judge a different cause, tone, or timing.

    老师先让学生解释分秒必争,再比较机不可失和步步为营,这样不会只凭英文近义词选答案。

  2. 分秒必争 with contrast checks

    分秒必争 becomes easier to use when it is contrasted with 破釜沉舟 and 守株待兔; the contrast forces the writer to decide whether the sentence is praise, warning, correction, or neutral description.

    写作练习里先用分秒必争造句,再换成破釜沉舟,观察判断方向怎样改变。

  3. 分秒必争 in example-building drills

    分秒必争 should be practiced with 机不可失 and 破釜沉舟 because examples reveal whether the learner is choosing by meaning, tone, or only by a remembered image.

    课堂上先用分秒必争写一个有证据的句子,再换成机不可失或破釜沉舟说明判断为什么改变。

  4. 分秒必争 in story and source review

    分秒必争 links best with 步步为营 and 守株待兔 when the learner is checking whether a source image truly supports a modern sentence.

    复习出处时,不要只背分秒必争的故事,还要比较步步为营,看哪个成语更能解释现代句子。

Learner Guide

Use these notes when deciding whether this chengyu fits a real sentence.

Use 分秒必争 when the deadline or danger is real enough that small units of time matter. This first test keeps the phrase from spreading across every nearby topic. Before using it, identify the speaker, the object being judged, and the reason a plain word would miss the Chinese nuance.

For English translation, race against time is vivid, while make every minute count is safer for disciplined work contexts. Do not choose an English phrase only because it sounds idiomatic. The translation should preserve tone, register, and the situation logic before it tries to sound compact.

The main misuse risk is when the situation is routine busyness, normal productivity, or mild hurry. That boundary matters because chengyu often share a theme while judging different causes, time points, or social attitudes. A nearby phrase can be familiar and still be wrong.

Before using it in your own sentence, show the deadline, the cost of delay, and the action taken to use time carefully. Then compare the sentence with ji-bu-ke-shi and bu-bu-wei-ying. If one nearby entry explains the situation with less force or more precision, choose that entry instead.

Before using 分秒必争, write the plain English idea first. If the plain sentence already says everything naturally, the chengyu must add a sharper judgment, cultural image, or tone. If it does not add one of those, leave the plain wording alone.

A good 分秒必争 sentence contains an object and evidence. The object is the person, plan, habit, result, or scene being judged. The evidence is the reason the phrase fits. Without both parts, the idiom may look learned but feel empty.

Compare 分秒必争 with 机不可失 and 守株待兔 before finalizing a sentence. The goal is not to memorize synonyms; the goal is to reject the wrong phrase for a clear reason. That rejection is what turns recognition into usable knowledge.

When teaching or self-reviewing 分秒必争, ask the learner to mark source, meaning, use case, wrong case, and one example. If any mark is missing, return to the entry section that supplies it rather than guessing from the headword alone.

rescue urgency is the first test zone for 分秒必争, but it is not the only possible use. Before using the phrase, name the speaker, the object being judged, and the nearest tested context: rescue urgency, deadline pressure, scope boundary, usage boundary, misuse boundary, comparison check, context setup, teacher correction. Then choose among race against time, make every minute count, use every second carefully as translation candidates and reject at least one candidate out loud. A useful final check is to compare the sentence with ji-bu-ke-shi and bu-bu-wei-ying; if one of those nearby entries explains the situation with less strain, the nearby phrase is the better learner choice.

When 分秒必争 is translated as race against time, the English should still preserve the phrase's tone. Keep urgent and disciplined and the effort use area visible when the audience is still learning the idiom. If a short translation hides the warning "Do not use it when the situation is routine busyness, normal productivity, or mild hurry.", choose a fuller English explanation instead. This matters because the strongest chengyu pages should help readers decide when not to use the most convenient English equivalent.

Example Sentences

Each example labels the situation so you can choose a natural English translation.

rescue urgency

救援队分秒必争,希望尽快找到被困的人。

Jiuyuan dui fen miao bi zheng, xiwang jinkuai zhaodao beikun de ren.

The rescue team raced against time, hoping to find the trapped people as soon as possible.

deadline pressure

考试最后十分钟,他分秒必争地检查答案。

Kaoshi zuihou shi fenzhong, ta fen miao bi zheng de jiancha da'an.

In the final ten minutes of the exam, he made every minute count while checking answers.

scope boundary

分秒必争需要真实紧迫性,不是普通忙碌。

Fen miao bi zheng xuyao zhenshi jinpoxing, bu shi putong manglu.

分秒必争 needs real urgency; it is not ordinary busyness.

usage boundary

只有原因和语气都清楚时,这句话才适合用分秒必争。

zhi you yuan yin he yu qi dou qing chu shi zhe ju hua cai shi he yong fen miao bi zheng

Only use 分秒必争 when the cause and tone are both clear, not just because the topic feels nearby.

misuse boundary

如果只是普通情况,不要为了显得有文化而硬说分秒必争。

ru guo zhi shi pu tong qing kuang bu yao wei le xian de you wen hua er ying shuo fen miao bi zheng

If the situation is ordinary, do not force 分秒必争 just to make the sentence sound more cultured.

comparison check

比较近义成语以后,再决定这里是不是应该写分秒必争。

bi jiao jin yi cheng yu yi hou zai jue ding zhe li shi bu shi ying gai xie fen miao bi zheng

After comparing nearby chengyu, decide whether 分秒必争 is really the phrase the sentence needs.

context setup

这段话先说明对象和原因,所以分秒必争读起来不突兀。

zhe duan hua xian shuo ming dui xiang he yuan yin suo yi fen miao bi zheng du qi lai bu tu wu

The passage names the object and cause first, so 分秒必争 does not feel abrupt.

teacher correction

老师让学生先解释为什么不用别的词,再用分秒必争造句。

lao shi rang xue sheng xian jie shi wei shen me bu yong bie de ci zai yong fen miao bi zheng zao ju

The teacher asks students to explain why another phrase would be wrong before writing a sentence with 分秒必争.

Story and Cultural Context

分秒必争 is built from the pressure of time units. Minutes and seconds are no longer background; they become resources that must be protected. Modern learners usually need the phrase as a decision tool. It tells them when a situation has crossed a specific boundary, not merely which English word looks similar. In the examples here, the phrase is tested against rescue urgency, deadline pressure, scope boundary so the reader can see how the meaning changes with use. The safest reading is to keep the image, the tone, and the social situation together. 分秒必争 is built from the pressure of time units. Minutes and seconds are no longer background; they become resources that must be protected. For English speakers, the useful memory is not only the literal image but the decision it makes possible. The examples test rescue urgency, deadline pressure, scope boundary so the phrase remains tied to real use instead of becoming a decorative translation label. For this entry, the origin note is only the beginning of the explanation. The useful question is why 分秒必争 survived as a portable judgment rather than as a decorative allusion. The modern usage route gives the reader an image, but the modern sentence must still prove its own fit. A learner should ask three things: what concrete object is being judged, what evidence in the sentence supports that judgment, and what tone the phrase adds that a plain English adjective would not add. This is why the page tests 分秒必争 through rescue urgency, deadline pressure, scope boundary, usage boundary, misuse boundary; each context changes the pressure on the phrase and shows whether the idiom is acting as praise, warning, neutral description, or criticism. The story or usage background also has a translation boundary. 分秒必争 can point toward race against time, make every minute count, use every second carefully, but those English choices are not interchangeable. One version may preserve the image, another may sound natural in a classroom answer, and another may be safer in a workplace or essay sentence. The entry therefore treats public references as source cards, not as a paragraph order to imitate. Headword checks, story labels, and English equivalents are separated first; only after that are they rebuilt into the learner path used here: answer, label, examples, wrong-use clinic, comparison, story, and practice. The most common failure is overextension. Because 分秒必争 has a memorable surface, learners may reach for it whenever a topic feels close. The better habit is to compare it with 机不可失 and 步步为营 and with 守株待兔 and 好逸恶劳 before writing. If the rejected phrase is hard to reject, the sentence probably has not supplied enough evidence. If the rejected phrase is easy to reject, the learner can explain the boundary and use 分秒必争 with confidence. That is the practical purpose of the origin section: it turns cultural memory into a sentence-level decision instead of leaving the reader with a story and no next action.

Learning point: When time is scarce, even small units of time become meaningful resources.

Editorial Notes

These notes turn the entry into a decision path, not a loose definition.

First answer before details

分秒必争 should first be read as a decision about to race against every minute and second, not as a collectible story label. The usage history helps memory, but the reader's real task is to decide whether the modern sentence is making a neutral judgment with enough evidence. Start with the object being described, then ask what happened, who is being judged, and whether the tone is fair. If those details are missing, the idiom will feel like learned decoration rather than useful Chinese. This first-answer rule also helps teachers and translators: they can explain the phrase quickly before deciding whether a longer story, comparison, or correction block is needed.

Example clinic

The examples for 分秒必争 deliberately cover rescue urgency, deadline pressure, scope boundary, usage boundary, misuse boundary because a learner needs more than one successful sentence before the phrase becomes usable. Read the Chinese sentence, then explain in plain English why this phrase is more precise than a simple adjective or loose translation. A strong example names the context, shows the evidence, and makes the tone visible. A weak example merely places the chengyu near a related topic. This habit prevents a common error: remembering the literal image but forgetting the social judgment carried by the phrase. When the example feels forced, return to the meaning line and choose a plainer wording.

Comparison boundary

Before using 分秒必争, compare it with 机不可失 and 步步为营 and, when possible, with 守株待兔 and 好逸恶劳. The comparison is not a synonym game. Nearby chengyu often share effort, caution, wisdom, or evaluation as a topic, while differing in cause, timing, and emotional force. A good learner sentence can explain why the rejected phrase fails. If that explanation is impossible, the chosen idiom is probably too loose. This is also the cleanest internal-link reason: the next page exists because it helps the reader reject a tempting but wrong choice. The comparison should leave a reusable rule, not merely another link to click.

Wrong-use trigger

分秒必争 should be rejected when the sentence lacks an object, hides the reason for the judgment, or uses the idiom only because it sounds literary. The safest correction is to rewrite the sentence in plain English first, then add the chengyu only if it sharpens the meaning. If the tone becomes unfair, choose a gentler nearby phrase. If the source image is memorable but the modern object does not match, use the story only as background and do not force the idiom into the sentence. This wrong-use trigger is what keeps the entry from becoming a long but vague dictionary page.

Source synthesis note

分秒必争 uses public references as checkpoints rather than as a structure to copy. One source may help with the headword, another with a story or image, and another with English translation range. The page then rebuilds those checks into its own learner order: short answer, label, examples, misuse, collocation, guide, story, and practice. This matters because a single-source paraphrase would give readers a familiar-looking article but not a better learning tool. The editorial value here is the decision path: what to use, what not to use, what to compare, and how to test the phrase in a new sentence.

Practice This Decision

Answer a focused quiz question, then come back to the examples and misuse clinic if the near phrase feels tempting.